【英検準１級】大問３－２（長文読解）練習問題 #1

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【音声アプリ対応】英検準1級でる順パス単 5訂版

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問題

Read each passage and choose the best answer from among the four choices for each question.

The Mind of a Genius

Leonardo da Vinci, born in 1452 in Vinci, Italy, is widely regarded as one of the most talented individuals ever to have lived. His contributions spanned across various fields including art, science, engineering, anatomy, and invention. From an early age, Leonardo displayed a strong curiosity and keen observational skills, which later defined his diverse career. Despite being primarily known for his masterpieces like the “Mona Lisa” and “The Last Supper,” Leonardo’s notebooks reveal his extensive studies and sketches on human anatomy, flight, and numerous mechanical devices. His approach and visionary ideas were centuries ahead of his time, influencing countless generations of thinkers and artists.

In addition to his artistic achievements, Leonardo da Vinci made significant strides in scientific fields. His studies of the human body, conducted through careful examination, provided detailed illustrations of muscles, bones, and internal organs. These drawings not only advanced the understanding of the human body but also laid the groundwork for modern anatomy. Leonardo’s studies in water movement, rock formations, and plant growth further demonstrated his diverse interests. His observations and hypotheses about these natural processes showcased a deep understanding that was unusual for his era. Despite the limitations of the time, his scientific endeavors were characterized by detailed documentation and an approach that prefigured the scientific method.

Leonardo’s engineering sketches are another testament to his creativity. His designs ranged from simple tools to complex machinery, including early concepts of helicopters, tanks, and bridges. Although many of his inventions were never built during his lifetime, modern engineers have recognized the potential of his designs with contemporary technology. His detailed plans for pumps, flying machines, and war devices showcased a blend of creativity and technical knowledge. Leonardo’s foresight in engineering not only inspired future innovations but also highlighted the potential of studies where art, science, and engineering come together to create groundbreaking ideas.

Beyond his technical skills, Leonardo da Vinci was also a philosopher and a visionary thinker. He thought deeply about the nature of the universe, human existence, and the connection between all living things. His reflections on these subjects are scattered throughout his extensive notebooks, revealing a mind constantly engaged in understanding the broader implications of his observations. Leonardo’s ability to connect knowledge from different areas made him a perfect example of a Renaissance man, whose comprehensive view of the world continues to be relevant in today’s specialized fields. His philosophical thoughts, combined with his scientific studies, contributed to a legacy that goes beyond any single discipline.

Leonardo da Vinci’s impact on the modern world is immeasurable. His artistic techniques, such as the use of shading and anatomical precision, revolutionized the art world and influenced countless artists. His scientific and engineering studies paved the way for numerous advancements in various fields. Leonardo’s commitment to observation and his endless curiosity set a standard for future generations of scientists and engineers. Today, Leonardo’s work is celebrated not only for its artistic brilliance, but also for its spirit of inquiry and innovation. As a person whose intellect knew no bounds, Leonardo da Vinci remains an enduring symbol of human potential and creativity.

(1) In what ways did Leonardo da Vinci create masterpieces?

His abilities in a variety of fields, which he possessed from birth, enabled his technical and creative excellence.
His strong curiosity and keen sense of observation enabled him to study and sketch the human body and many mechanical devices.
He referred to the studies and sketches of numerous generations and developed a deep understanding of the human body and mechanical devices.
He was influenced by the forward-thinking approaches and visionary ideas of countless generations of thinkers and artists.

(2) How did Leonardo’s anatomical studies influence the scientific community?

His detailed illustrations helped develop the study of the human body and served as a valuable reference for future scientists and artists.
His concentration on human anatomy led to new discoveries about the human body that were not widely understood during his lifetime.
His work inspired future generations of scientists to explore the human body in greater detail and influenced the development of modern biology.
Despite the limitations of his observations with the technology of the time, they nevertheless became the basis for future medical advances.

(3) Despite many of his inventions never being constructed during his lifetime, Leonardo’s engineering designs were

a blend of creativity and technical knowledge, and showed the ability to imagine future technologies that would not be realized until centuries later.
primarily theory-based, as the tools and materials available in his time were not sufficient to realize his innovative ideas.
inspired by natural processes, and he created mechanisms that imitated the efficiency of systems that existed in nature.
misunderstood by the people of his time, it was not until much later that they fully understood the potential of his ideas.

(4) How does Leonardo’s philosophical thinking contribute to his enduring legacy?

His reflections on nature and human nature have greatly helped people today to understand the Renaissance view of the world.
His ability to blend scientific observation with philosophical thought produced a perspective that only he could have, which influenced both art and science.
His ideas about the relationship between the natural world and human existence gave his work a deeper dimension and inspired future generations.
His philosophical explorations were not well recognized during his lifetime but have since been recognized for their influence on both art and science.

解答

(1) 2
(2) 1
(3) 1
(4) 3

和訳

天才の心

レオナルド・ダ・ヴィンチは1452年、イタリアのヴィンチに生まれた。彼の貢献は、芸術、科学、工学、解剖学、発明などさまざまな分野に及んだ。幼い頃から強い好奇心と鋭い観察力を発揮していたレオナルドは、後にその多彩なキャリアを決定づけた。主に「モナ・リザ」や「最後の晩餐」といった傑作で知られているが、レオナルドのノートには、人体解剖学、飛行、数々の機械装置に関する広範な研究やスケッチが残されている。彼のアプローチと先見的なアイデアは時代を何世紀も先取りし、数え切れない世代の思想家や芸術家に影響を与えた。

レオナルド・ダ・ヴィンチは芸術的な業績に加えて、科学的な分野でも大きな進歩を遂げた。入念な検査による人体の研究は、筋肉、骨、内臓の詳細な図解を提供した。これらのデッサンは、人体の理解を進めただけでなく、近代解剖学の基礎を築いた。レオナルドは、水の動き、岩の形成、植物の生育に関する研究でも、その多様な関心を示した。これらの自然現象についての観察と仮説は、彼の時代には珍しい深い理解を示していた。当時の制限にもかかわらず、彼の科学的な試みは、詳細な記録と科学的方法の先駆けとなるアプローチによって特徴づけられた。

レオナルドの工学的スケッチは、彼の創造性を示すもうひとつの証である。彼のデザインは単純な道具から複雑な機械まで幅広く、ヘリコプター、戦車、橋の初期のコンセプトも含まれている。彼の発明の多くは、彼が生きている間に建設されることはなかったが、現代の技術者たちは、現代の技術で彼の設計の可能性を認めている。ポンプ、飛行機械、戦争装置など、彼の詳細な設計図には、創造性と技術的知識の融合が見て取れる。レオナルドの工学における先見の明は、将来の革新にインスピレーションを与えただけでなく、芸術、科学、工学が一体となって画期的なアイデアを生み出す学問の可能性を浮き彫りにした。

レオナルド・ダ・ヴィンチは、その技術的な技能だけでなく、哲学者であり、先見的な思想家でもあった。彼は宇宙の本質、人間の存在、すべての生き物のつながりについて深く考えた。これらのテーマに関する彼の考察は、彼の膨大なノートに散りばめられており、彼の観察が持つより広い意味合いを理解することに常に取り組んでいた心を明らかにしている。異なる分野の知識を結びつけるレオナルドの能力は、ルネサンス人物の完璧な例であり、その包括的な世界観は今日の専門分野でも通用し続ける。彼の哲学的思考は、科学的研究と組み合わされ、単一の分野を超えた遺産に貢献した。

レオナルド・ダ・ヴィンチが現代世界に与えた影響は計り知れない。陰影の使い方や解剖学的な正確さなど、彼の芸術技術は芸術界に革命をもたらし、数え切れないほどの芸術家たちに影響を与えた。彼の科学と工学の研究は、様々な分野における数多くの進歩への道を開いた。レオナルドの観察への献身と果てしない好奇心は、後世の科学者や技術者の規範となった。今日、レオナルドの作品は、その芸術的な輝きだけでなく、探究心と革新性でも称賛されている。知性に際限がなかったレオナルド・ダ・ヴィンチは、人間の可能性と創造性の不朽のシンボルであり続けている。

(1) レオナルド・ダ・ヴィンチはどのような方法で傑作を生み出したか？